The censorial tribunal, so far from being the arbiter of the people's opinion, only declares it, and, as soon as the two part company, its decisions are null and void.
censorial tribunal
(検閲裁判所)
[名]
a court that has the power to censor
arbiter
(裁定者)
[名]
a person who has the power to decide a dispute
people's opinion
(人民の意見)
[名]
the opinion of the people
two part company
(両者が分離する)
[名]
two people or groups that have separated
null and void
(無効となる)
[形]
having no legal force or effect
検閲裁判所は、人民の意見の裁定者であるどころか、それを宣言するだけであり、両者が分離するとすぐに、その決定は無効となる。
It is useless to distinguish the morality of a nation from the objects of its esteem;
esteem
(尊敬)
[名]
a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something
国民の道徳をその尊敬の対象から区別することは無意味である。
both depend on the same principle and are necessarily indistinguishable.
indistinguishable
(区別がつかない)
[形]
not able to be distinguished or differentiated
両者は同じ原理に依存しており、必然的に区別がつかない。
There is no people on earth the choice of whose pleasures is not decided by opinion rather than nature.
There is no
(いない)
[動]
not exist
pleasure
(快楽)
[名]
a feeling of satisfaction or enjoyment
快楽の選択が自然ではなく意見によって決定されない人々は地球上にいない。
Right men's opinions, and their morality will purge itself.
right
(正す)
[動]
make or set right
purge
(浄化する)
[動]
rid of impurities or unwanted elements
人の意見を正せば、彼らの道徳は浄化される。
Men always love what is good or what they find good;
人は常に善いもの、あるいは善いと思うものを愛する。
it is in judging what is good that they go wrong.
go wrong
(間違える)
[動]
make a mistake
彼らが間違えるのは、何が善いかを判断する時である。
This judgment, therefore, is what must be regulated.
be regulated
(規制される)
[動]
be controlled or supervised by means of rules and regulations
したがって、この判断こそが規制されるべきものである。
He who judges of morality judges of honour;
道徳を判断する者は名誉を判断する。
and he who judges of honour finds his law in opinion.
そして名誉を判断する者は、その法則を世論に見出す。
The opinions of a people are derived from its constitution;
国民の世論はその体制に由来する。
although the law does not regulate morality, it is legislation that gives it birth.
give birth to
(生み出す)
[動]
produce or create
法律は道徳を規制しないが、道徳を生み出すのは法律である。
When legislation grows weak, morality degenerates;
degenerate
(退廃する)
[動]
become worse or less good
法律が弱くなると、道徳は退廃する。
but in such cases the judgment of the censors will not do what the force of the laws has failed to effect.
しかし、そのような場合には、検閲官の判断は、法律の力が効果を上げなかったことを行わない。
From this it follows that the censorship may be useful for the preservation of morality, but can never be so for its restoration.
follow
(分かる)
[動]
be clear or obvious
restoration
(回復)
[名]
the act of returning something to its original condition
このことから、検閲は道徳の維持には役立つかもしれないが、道徳の回復には役立たないということが分かる。
Set up censors while the laws are vigorous;
vigorous
(厳しい)
[形]
strong, forceful, or energetic
法律が厳しいうちに検閲官を設置せよ。
as soon as they have lost their vigour, all hope is gone;
hope
(希望)
[名]
a feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen
法律が厳しさを失うとすぐに、すべての希望は失われる。
no legitimate power can retain force when the laws have lost it.
法律が力を失ったとき、合法的な権力は力を保持できない。
The censorship upholds morality by preventing opinion from growing corrupt, by preserving its rectitude by means of wise applications, and sometimes even by fixing it when it is still uncertain.
検閲は、意見が堕落するのを防ぎ、賢明な適用によってその正直さを保ち、時にはそれがまだ不確かなときにそれを修正することによって、道徳を支持する。
The employment of seconds in duels, which had been carried to wild extremes in the kingdom of France, was done away with merely by these words in a royal edict: “As for those who are cowards enough to call upon seconds.”
second
(介添人)
[名]
a person who assists the principal in a duel
wild
(極端な)
[形]
very great or intense
royal edict
(王の勅令)
[名]
a decree issued by a monarch
call upon
(呼ぶ)
[動]
to request the presence of
フランス王国で極端に行われていた決闘の際の介添人の使用は、王の勅令の中の「介添人を呼ぶほど臆病な者については」という文言だけで廃止された。
This judgment, in anticipating that of the public, suddenly decided it.
anticipate
(先取りする)
[動]
be aware of something before it happens or before the usual time
suddenly
(突然)
[副]
quickly and without warning
この判断は、国民の判断を先取りして、突然決定された。
But when edicts from the same source tried to pronounce duelling itself an act of cowardice, as indeed it is, then, since common opinion does not regard it as such, the public took no notice of a decision on a point on which its mind was already made up.
source
(出所)
[名]
the place from which something comes
pronounce
(宣言する)
[動]
declare or announce officially or formally
common opinion
(世論)
[名]
the opinion of the majority of people
take no notice of
(注意を払わない)
[動]
fail to notice or consider
しかし、同じ出所の勅令が決闘そのものを臆病な行為であると宣言しようとしたとき、実際そうであるのだが、世論はそれをそうとは見ていないので、国民はすでに決心している点についての決定に注意を払わなかった。
I have stated elsewhere that as public opinion is not subject to any constraint, there need be no trace of it in the tribunal set up to represent it.
be subject to
(受ける)
[動]
be affected by or vulnerable to
constraint
(制約)
[名]
a limiting condition or measure
trace
(痕跡)
[名]
a mark, sign, or evidence of the existence or passing of something
私は他のところで、世論はいかなる制約も受けないので、それを代表するために設置された裁判所には、その痕跡は全く必要ないと述べた。
It is impossible to admire too much the art with which this resource, which we moderns have wholly lost, was employed by the Romans, and still more by the Lacedæmonians.
too much
(あまりに)
[副]
to a very great degree
modern
(現代人)
[名]
a person living in modern times
still more
(さらに)
[副]
to an even greater extent
Lacedaemonian
(ラケダイモン人)
[名]
a citizen of ancient Sparta
現代人が完全に失ってしまったこの手段を、ローマ人、さらにはラケダイモン人が用いた技を賞賛しすぎることはできない。
A man of bad morals having made a good proposal in the Spartan Council, the Ephors neglected it, and caused the same proposal to be made by a virtuous citizen.
bad morals
(道徳的に悪い)
[名]
a person who does not behave in a way that is considered morally right
good proposal
(よい提案)
[名]
a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion
Spartan Council
(スパルタ評議会)
[名]
the governing body of Sparta
スパルタ評議会で道徳的に悪い人がよい提案をしたので、エフォロスはそれを無視し、同じ提案を高潔な市民にさせた。
What an honour for the one, and what a disgrace for the other, without praise or blame of either!
disgrace
(不名誉)
[名]
loss of reputation
praise
(賞賛)
[名]
an expression of approval or admiration
blame
(非難)
[名]
an expression of disapproval or criticism
どちらも賞賛も非難も受けずに、一方には何という名誉であり、他方にはなんという不名誉であろうか!
Certain drunkards from Samos polluted the tribunal of the Ephors: the next day, a public edict gave Samians permission to be filthy.
Samos
(サモス島)
[名]
a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea
drunkard
(酔っ払い)
[名]
a person who is drunk
pollute
(汚す)
[動]
make dirty or impure
the next day
(翌日)
[名]
the day after today
public edict
(公の布告)
[名]
an official order or command
Samians
(サモス人)
[名]
a native or inhabitant of Samos
filthy
(不潔)
[形]
very dirty
サモス島の酔っ払いたちがエフォロスの裁判所を汚した。翌日、公の布告でサモス人は不潔になることを許された。
An actual punishment would not have been so severe as such an impunity.
実際の処罰は、そのような免責ほど厳しくはなかっただろう。
When Sparta has pronounced on what is or is not right, Greece makes no appeal from her judgments.
make no appeal
(異議を唱えない)
[動]
not challenge a decision
スパルタが正しいことと正しくないことを宣言したとき、ギリシャはその判断に異議を唱えない。