The moment the people is legitimately assembled as a sovereign body, the jurisdiction of the government wholly lapses, the executive power is suspended, and the person of the meanest citizen is as sacred and inviolable as that of the first magistrate;
jurisdiction
(管轄権)
[名]
the official power to make legal decisions and judgments
lapse
(失効する)
[動]
come to an end
suspend
(停止される)
[動]
temporarily stop
meanest
(最も卑しい)
[形]
of very low quality
inviolable
(不可侵の)
[形]
that cannot or should not be violated or broken
人民が主権者として合法的に集まった瞬間に、政府の管轄権は完全に失効し、執行権は停止され、最も卑しい市民の身体も最高裁判官の身体と同じく神聖で不可侵となる。
for in the presence of the person represented, representatives no longer exist.
in the presence of
(存在する場合には)
[前]
in front of
represented
(代表される)
[動]
be a symbol or image of
representative
(代表者)
[名]
a person who is a member of a legislative body
なぜなら、代表される者が存在する場合には、代表者はもはや存在しないからである。
Most of the tumults that arose in the comitia at Rome were due to ignorance or neglect of this rule.
most of
(ほとんどの)
[限]
the majority of
tumult
(騒動)
[名]
a state of confusion or disorder
comitia
(民会)
[名]
a public assembly of the Roman people for the election of magistrates
ignorance
(知らないこと)
[名]
the state of being unaware or uninformed
neglect
(無視)
[名]
the state of being uncared for
ローマの民会で起こった騒動のほとんどは、この規則を知らないか無視したことが原因だった。
The consuls were in them merely the presidents of the people;
consul
(執政官)
[名]
one of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman republic
president
(議長)
[名]
the head of a republican state
執政官は、民会の議長にすぎなかった。
the tribunes were mere speakers;
tribune
(護民官)
[名]
an official in ancient Rome appointed to protect the rights of the plebeians
speaker
(代弁者)
[名]
a person who speaks
護民官は、単なる代弁者にすぎなかった。
the senate was nothing at all.
at all
(全く)
[副]
in any way; to any extent
元老院は、何の役にも立たなかった。
These intervals of suspension, during which the prince recognises or ought to recognise an actual superior, have always been viewed by him with alarm;
suspension
(中断)
[名]
the temporary stopping of something
alarm
(警戒心)
[名]
a feeling of fear or worry that something bad is going to happen
君主が実際の優れた者を認めるか、認めるべきであるこれらの中断期間は、常に彼によって警戒心をもって見られてきた。
and these assemblies of the people, which are the aegis of the body politic and the curb on the government, have at all times been the horror of rulers:
aegis
(庇護)
[名]
protection or support
curb
(抑制)
[名]
something that checks, restrains, or limits
そして、政治体制の庇護であり、政府の抑制であるこれらの人民集会は、常に支配者にとって恐怖の的であった。
who therefore never spare pains, objections, difficulties, and promises, to stop the citizens from having them.
spare
(惜しまない)
[動]
not use or give up
objection
(異議)
[名]
an expression or statement of disapproval
そのため、市民がそれらを持つのを阻止するために、苦労、異議、困難、約束を惜しまない。
When the citizens are greedy, cowardly, and pusillanimous, and love ease more than liberty, they do not long hold out against the redoubled efforts of the government;
greedy
(貪欲な)
[形]
having or showing a selfish desire for wealth or possessions
pusillanimous
(小心な)
[形]
lacking courage and resolution
ease
(安楽)
[名]
the state of being comfortable
hold out
(抵抗する)
[動]
to continue to fight or resist
市民が貪欲で、臆病で、小心で、自由よりも安楽を愛する時、彼らは政府の倍加した努力に長く抵抗しない。
and thus, as the resisting force incessantly grows, the sovereign authority ends by disappearing, and most cities fall and perish before their time.
resisting force
(抵抗する力)
[名]
a force that opposes the motion of an object
sovereign authority
(主権者の権威)
[名]
the power of a state to govern itself or another state
disappear
(消滅する)
[動]
cease to exist
fall
(滅亡する)
[動]
be defeated or overthrown
こうして、抵抗する力が絶えず増大するにつれて、主権者の権威は消滅し、ほとんどの都市は時が来る前に滅亡する。