CHAPTER XIII: THE SAME (continued)
CHAPTER XIII (第十三章) [名] the thirteenth chapter
THE SAME (同上) [名] the same thing
continued (続き) [動] to carry on or keep up without stopping
第十三章: 同上(続き)

 It is not enough for the assembled people to have once fixed the constitution of the State by giving its sanction to a body of law;
集まった人々が、法体系に制裁を与えることで国家の憲法を一度定めただけでは十分ではない。
it is not enough for it to have set up a perpetual government, or provided once for all for the election of magistrates.
perpetual (永続的な) [形] continuing forever or for a very long time
once for all (一度に) [副] once and for all; finally and conclusively
永続的な政府を樹立したり、行政官の選挙を一度に実施したりするだけでは十分ではない。
Besides the extraordinary assemblies unforeseen circumstances may demand, there must be fixed periodical assemblies which cannot be abrogated or prorogued, so that on the proper day the people is legitimately called together by law, without need of any formal summoning.
extraordinary assembly (臨時の集会) [名] a meeting of people for a special purpose
unforeseen circumstance (予期せぬ状況) [名] a situation that is not expected or planned for
fixed periodical assembly (定期的な集会) [名] a meeting of people that happens regularly
prorogue (延期する) [動] discontinue a session of a parliament or other legislative assembly without dissolving it
proper day (適切な日) [名] a day that is suitable for a particular purpose
legitimately (合法的に) [副] in a way that is allowed by the law
call together (召集する) [動] summon or order to come together
formal summoning (正式な召集) [名] an official request for someone to come to a place
予期せぬ状況が要求するかもしれない臨時の集会に加えて、廃止したり延期したりすることができない定期的な集会が定められなければならない。そうすれば、適切な日に、人々は正式な召集を必要とせずに、法律によって合法的に召集される。

 But, apart from these assemblies authorised by their date alone, every assembly of the people not summoned by the magistrates appointed for that purpose, and in accordance with the prescribed forms, should be regarded as unlawful, and all its acts as null and void, because the command to assemble should itself proceed from the law.
apart from (別として) [前] except for
date (日付) [名] the day of the month or year as specified by a number
authorised (認められた) [動] give official permission for
appointed (任命された) [動] assign a job or role to
summoned (召集された) [動] officially call together
prescribed (定められた) [動] officially or legally require
unlawful (違法) [形] not conforming to or permitted by law
void (無効) [形] not valid or legally binding
proceed (出ている) [動] move forward or onward
しかし、日付だけで認められたこれらの集会は別として、その目的のために任命された行政官によって召集されず、また定められた形式に従っていない人民の集会はすべて違法とみなされ、そのすべての行為は無効とみなされるべきである。なぜなら、集会の命令自体が法律から出ているべきだからである。

 The greater or less frequency with which lawful assemblies should occur depends on so many considerations that no exact rules about them can be given.
greater or less (程度) [名] the extent to which something is more or less
frequency (頻度) [名] the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample
lawful (合法的な) [形] being in accordance with the law
合法的な集会がどの程度の頻度で行われるべきかは、非常に多くの考慮事項に依存するため、それらに関する正確な規則を与えることはできない。
It can only be said generally that the stronger the government the more often should the Sovereign show itself.
the stronger (強ければ強いほど) [他] having more power or influence
the more often (より頻繁に) [他] more frequently
show (姿を現す) [動] be or become visible
一般的に言えるのは、政府が強ければ強いほど、主権者はより頻繁に姿を現すべきだということだけである。

 This, I shall be told, may do for a single town;
do for (役立つ) [動] be of use to
これは、私に言わせれば、一つの町のためには役立つかもしれない。
but what is to be done when the State includes several?
しかし、国家が複数の町を含む場合はどうすればよいのか?
Is the sovereign authority to be divided?
主権は分割されるべきか?
Or is it to be concentrated in a single town to which all the rest are made subject?
それとも、残りのすべてが従属する一つの町に集中させるべきか?

 Neither the one nor the other, I reply.
reply (答える) [動] say something in response
どちらも違う、と私は答える。
First, the sovereign authority is one and simple, and cannot be divided without being destroyed.
one (単一) [形] being or amounting to a single unit or individual
destroy (破壊) [動] cause so much damage to that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired
まず、主権は単一で単純であり、分割されれば破壊される。
In the second place, one town cannot, any more than one nation, legitimately be made subject to another, because the essence of the body politic lies in the reconciliation of obedience and liberty, and the words subject and Sovereign are identical correlatives the idea of which meets in the single word “citizen.”
reconciliation (調和) [名] the restoration of friendly relations
correlative (相関関係) [名] a thing that is related to another in a way that makes them interdependent
meet (集約される) [動] come together; join
第二に、一つの町は、一つの国と同じく、合法的に他の町に従属させられることはない。なぜなら、政治体の本質は服従と自由の調和にあるからであり、臣民と主権者という言葉は同一の相関関係にあり、その考えは「市民」という一語に集約されるからである。

 I answer further that the union of several towns in a single city is always bad, and that, if we wish to make such a union, we should not expect to avoid its natural disadvantages.
expect (期待する) [動] regard something as likely to happen
さらに、私は、複数の町を一つにまとめるのは常に悪いことであり、もしそのような連合を作りたいのであれば、その自然な不利益を避けることを期待すべきではないと答える。
It is useless to bring up abuses that belong to great States against one who desires to see only small ones;
bring up (持ち出す) [動] to mention or introduce a topic
abuse (悪弊) [名] a corrupt practice or custom
小さな国家だけを見たいと望む人に対して、大国に属する悪弊を持ち出すことは無意味である。
but how can small States be given the strength to resist great ones, as formerly the Greek towns resisted the Great King, and more recently Holland and Switzerland have resisted the House of Austria?
recently (最近) [副] not long ago; in the near past
House of Austria (オーストリア家) [名] the dynasty that ruled the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1282 to 1918
しかし、かつてギリシャの町々がペルシア王に抵抗し、最近ではオランダとスイスがオーストリア家に抵抗したように、小さな国家に大きな国家に抵抗する力を与えるにはどうすればよいだろうか。

 Nevertheless, if the State cannot be reduced to the right limits, there remains still one resource;
right (適切な) [形] correct or proper
limit (範囲) [名] the final, utmost, or furthest point, degree, or amount of something
しかし、国家を適切な範囲に縮小できない場合でも、まだ一つの手段が残っている。
this is, to allow no capital, to make the seat of government move from town to town, and to assemble by turn in each the Provincial Estates of the country.
allow (認める) [動] to permit to be done or occur
move (移動する) [動] change position
assemble (集める) [動] come or bring together
それは、首都を認めず、政府の所在地を町から町へと移動させ、国の各地方議会を順番に集めることである。

 People the territory evenly, extend everywhere the same rights, bear to every place in it abundance and life: by these means will the State become at once as strong and as well governed as possible.
people (住民で満たす) [動] inhabit
evenly (均等に) [副] in an equal manner
bear (もたらす) [動] carry or take
abundance (豊かさ) [名] a very large quantity of something
by these means (これらの手段によって) [副] in this way
as strong as possible (可能な限り強固で) [形] as strong as it is possible to be
as well governed as possible (可能な限りよく統治される) [形] as well governed as it is possible to be
領土を均等に住民で満たし、どこにでも同じ権利を広げ、その中のあらゆる場所に豊かさと生命をもたらす。これらの手段によって、国家はすぐに可能な限り強固で、よく統治されるようになるだろう。
Remember that the walls of towns are built of the ruins of the houses of the countryside.
remember (思い出す) [動] have in or be able to bring to one's mind an awareness of
wall (城壁) [名] a continuous vertical brick or stone structure that encloses or divides an area of land
countryside (田舎) [名] the land and scenery of a rural area
町の城壁は田舎の家の廃墟でできていることを思い出してほしい。
For every palace I see raised in the capital, my mind's eye sees a whole country made desolate.
palace (宮殿) [名] a large, impressive building, usually made of stone, which was historically built for a king or queen
mind's eye (心の目) [名] the ability to see things in the imagination
desolate (荒廃した) [形] uninhabited and in a state of ruin
首都に建てられた宮殿を見るたびに、私の心の目には国全体が荒廃しているのが見える。