In the first place, the Sovereign may commit the charge of the government to the whole people or to the majority of the people, so that more citizens are magistrates than are mere private individuals.
in the first place
(まず)
[副]
first of all; before anything else
commit
(委ねる)
[動]
do or perform
charge
(責任)
[名]
the duty or task assigned to a person or group
majority
(過半数)
[名]
the greater part or number; more than half
private individual
(私人)
[名]
a person who is not in the military or a public official
まず、主権者は政府の責任を国民全体または国民の過半数に委ねることができるので、単なる私人よりも多くの市民が行政官となる。
This form of government is called democracy.
democracy
(民主主義)
[名]
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state
この形態の政府は民主主義と呼ばれる。
Lastly, it may concentrate the whole government in the hands of a single magistrate from whom all others hold their power.
concentrate
(集中させる)
[動]
direct one's attention on something
hold
(握る)
[動]
keep or maintain in a certain state, position, or course
最後に、政府全体を単一の行政官の手に集中させ、他のすべての行政官がその権力を握ることもある。
This third form is the most usual, and is called monarchy, or royal government.
third
(三番目)
[形]
coming after two others in a series
monarchy
(君主制)
[名]
a political system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen
royal
(王政)
[形]
of or relating to a king or queen or a member of their family
この三番目の形態が最も一般的で、君主制、または王政と呼ばれる。
It should be remarked that all these forms, or at least the first two, admit of degree, and even of very wide differences;
two
(二つ)
[名]
the number 2
even
(非常に)
[副]
to a very great extent
wide
(大きな)
[形]
having a large distance from one side to the other
これらのすべての形態、または少なくとも最初の二つは、程度の差があり、非常に大きな違いがあることに注意すべきである。
for democracy may include the whole people, or may be restricted to half.
include
(含む)
[動]
comprise or contain as a part
民主主義は国民全体を含むこともあれば、半分に制限されることもある。
Aristocracy, in its turn, may be restricted indefinitely from half the people down to the smallest possible number.
in turn
(順番に)
[副]
one after the other
be restricted
(制限される)
[動]
be limited
indefinitely
(無期限に)
[副]
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
down to
(まで)
[前]
all the way to
smallest
(最小)
[形]
of the least size or extent
貴族制は、国民の半分から可能な限り最小の数まで無期限に制限される可能性がある。
Even royalty is susceptible of a measure of distribution.
royalty
(王政)
[名]
the system of government in which a country is ruled by a king or queen
susceptible
(影響を受けやすい)
[形]
likely to be influenced or affected by something
measure
(程度)
[名]
the extent, size, or amount of something
distribution
(分布)
[名]
the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients
王政でさえ、ある程度の分布の影響を受けやすい。
Sparta always had two kings, as its constitution provided;
スパルタは、その憲法が定めているように、常に二人の王がいた。
and the Roman Empire saw as many as eight emperors at once, without it being possible to say that the Empire was split up.
Roman Empire
(ローマ帝国)
[名]
the ancient Roman state
as many as
(八人もの)
[副]
as much as
emperor
(皇帝)
[名]
the sovereign ruler of an empire
being possible
(可能である)
[動]
be able to be done
ローマ帝国は、帝国が分裂したとは言えないものの、一度に八人もの皇帝を見た。
Thus there is a point at which each form of government passes into the next, and it becomes clear that, under three comprehensive denominations, government is really susceptible of as many diverse forms as the State has citizens.
pass
(移行する)
[動]
move on to the next stage
comprehensive
(包括的な)
[形]
complete; including everything
denomination
(名称)
[名]
a name or descriptive phrase
このように、それぞれの政体が次の政体に移行するポイントがあり、三つの包括的な名称の下で、政体は実際には国家が市民を持つのと同じくらい多くの多様な形態の影響を受けやすいことが明らかになる。
There are even more: for, as the government may also, in certain aspects, be subdivided into other parts, one administered in one fashion and one in another, the combination of the three forms may result in a multitude of mixed forms, each of which admits of multiplication by all the simple forms.
subdivide
(細分化する)
[動]
divide into smaller parts
fashion
(方法)
[名]
a manner of doing something
mixed
(混合)
[形]
made up of different things
form
(形式)
[名]
the way that something is done or organized
multiplication
(乗算)
[名]
the mathematical operation of combining two numbers to produce a third
さらに、政府は、ある側面では、ある部分は一つの方法で管理され、別の部分は別の方法で管理されるように、他の部分に細分化される可能性があるため、三つの形式の組み合わせは、それぞれがすべての単純な形式で乗算を認める多数の混合形式をもたらす可能性がある。
There has been at all times much dispute concerning the best form of government, without consideration of the fact that each is in some cases the best, and in others the worst.
at all times
(常に)
[副]
on every occasion; always
dispute
(論争)
[名]
a disagreement between people or groups
form
(形)
[名]
the shape of something
consideration
(考慮)
[名]
thinking about the possible effects of an action
worst
(最悪)
[形]
of the poorest quality
それぞれの政体が、ある場合には最良であり、他の場合には最悪であるという事実を考慮せずに、最良の政体に関して常に多くの論争があった。
If, in the different States, the number of supreme magistrates should be in inverse ratio to the number of citizens, it follows that, generally, democratic government suits small States, aristocratic government those of middle size, and monarchy great ones.
inverse ratio
(反比例)
[名]
a relationship between two quantities such that one increases in value as the other decreases
democratic
(民主主義の)
[形]
of or relating to democracy
aristocratic
(貴族制の)
[形]
of or relating to the aristocracy
middle
(中規模)
[形]
being of average or moderate size, amount, or rank
異なる国家において、最高裁判官の数が市民の数に反比例するならば、一般的に、民主主義政府は小国に、貴族制政府は中規模の国に、君主制は大国に適しているということになる。
This rule is immediately deducible from the principle laid down.
immediately
(すぐに)
[副]
at once; without delay
deducible
(導き出される)
[形]
able to be deduced
この規則は、定められた原則からすぐに導き出される。
But it is impossible to count the innumerable circumstances which may furnish exceptions.
impossible
(不可能)
[形]
not possible; unable to be done
count
(数える)
[動]
determine the total number of
innumerable
(無数の)
[形]
too many to be counted
しかし、例外を提供する無数の状況を数えることは不可能である。