If the whole is to be set in order, and the commonwealth put into the best possible shape, there are various relations to be considered.
set in order
(整える)
[動]
put in order; arrange
commonwealth
(国家)
[名]
a political unit
put into
(する)
[動]
cause to be in a certain state
shape
(形)
[名]
the external form, contours, or outline of someone or something
全体を整え、国家を可能な限り最良の形にするためには、考慮すべき様々な関係がある。
First, there is the action of the complete body upon itself, the relation of the whole to the whole, of the Sovereign to the State; and this relation, as we shall see, is made up of the relations of the intermediate terms.
itself
(自分自身)
[代]
used to refer to the thing mentioned
intermediate
(中間項)
[形]
coming between two things in time, place, or order
第一に、完全な身体が自分自身に及ぼす作用、全体と全体の関係、主権者と国家の関係がある。そして、この関係は、後で述べるように、中間項の関係から成り立っている。
The laws which regulate this relation bear the name of political laws, and are also called fundamental laws, not without reason if they are wise.
bear
(呼ばれる)
[動]
have or give a name
この関係を規制する法律は、政治法と呼ばれ、また、賢明な法律であれば、理由もなく基本法とも呼ばれる。
For, if there is, in each State, only one good system, the people that is in possession of it should hold fast to this;
in
(に)
[前]
inside
the people
(国民)
[名]
the citizens of a country
that
(それ)
[代]
the thing mentioned before
is in possession of
(所有している)
[動]
have as one's own
it
(それ)
[代]
the thing mentioned before
should
(するべきだ)
[助]
ought to; must
hold fast to
(固執する)
[動]
cling to; refuse to give up
なぜなら、各国家に良い制度が一つしかないのであれば、それを所有している国民はそれに固執するべきだからである。
but if the established order is bad, why should laws that prevent men from being good be regarded as fundamental?
established order
(確立された秩序)
[名]
the existing social, political, or economic system
bad
(悪い)
[形]
of poor quality; unsatisfactory
しかし、確立された秩序が悪い場合、なぜ人々が善良になることを妨げる法律が基本的な法律と見なされるべきなのだろうか?
Besides, in any case, a people is always in a position to change its laws, however good;
a people
(国民)
[名]
the inhabitants of a particular country or area
in a position to
(できる立場にある)
[動]
have the power or ability to do something
その上、いずれにせよ、国民はどんなに良い法律であれ、いつでも法律を変えることができる立場にある。
for, if it choose to do itself harm, who can have a right to stop it?
stop
(止める)
[動]
cause to cease moving or operating
なぜなら、もし国民が自らを傷つけることを選んだとしても、誰がそれを止める権利を持つことができるだろうか?
The second relation is that of the members one to another, or to the body as a whole;
第二の関係は、各構成員同士の関係、または各構成員と全体との関係である。
and this relation should be in the first respect as unimportant, and in the second as important, as possible.
this
(この)
[限]
used to identify a specific person or thing close at hand or being indicated or experienced
should be
(であるべきである)
[助]
used to express a duty, possibility, or probability
unimportant
(重要ではない)
[形]
not important; of minor importance
そして、この関係は、最初の点では可能な限り重要ではなく、二番目の点では可能な限り重要であるべきである。
Each citizen would then be perfectly independent of all the rest, and at the same time very dependent on the city;
perfectly
(完全に)
[副]
in a perfect manner
very
(非常に)
[副]
to a high degree; extremely
そうすれば、各市民は他のすべての市民から完全に独立し、同時に都市に非常に依存することになる。
which is brought about always by the same means, as the strength of the State can alone secure the liberty of its members.
secure
(保障する)
[動]
make safe; make certain
それは常に同じ手段によってもたらされる。なぜなら、国家の力だけがその構成員の自由を保障できるからである。
From this second relation arise civil laws.
この第二の関係から民法が生じる。
Along with these three kinds of law goes a fourth, most important of all, which is not graven on tablets of marble or brass, but on the hearts of the citizens.
along with
(伴って)
[前]
together with
fourth
(第四の)
[形]
the number 4
marble
(大理石)
[名]
a hard, metamorphic rock that can be polished to a high shine
brass
(真鍮)
[名]
a yellow alloy of copper and zinc
これらの三つの法に伴って、最も重要な第四の法があるが、それは大理石や真鍮の板に刻まれているのではなく、市民の心に刻まれている。
This forms the real constitution of the State, takes on every day new powers, when other laws decay or die out, restores them or takes their place, keeps a people in the ways in which it was meant to go, and insensibly replaces authority by the force of habit.
real
(真の)
[形]
not fake or false
every day
(毎日)
[副]
on each day
decay
(衰退する)
[動]
rot or decompose
die out
(消滅する)
[動]
become extinct
restore
(回復させる)
[動]
bring back to a former or original state
take the place of
(代わりを務める)
[動]
act or serve instead of
keep
(留める)
[動]
cause to remain in a specified state, position, or course
way
(道)
[名]
a method, style, or manner of doing something
go
(行く)
[動]
move or travel
insensibly
(無意識のうちに)
[副]
without being aware of it
replace
(置き換える)
[動]
take the place of
habit
(習慣)
[名]
a settled or regular tendency or practice
これが国家の真の憲法を形成し、他の法律が衰退したり消滅したりすると、毎日新しい権力を取り、それらを回復させたり、その代わりを務めたり、人々を本来の道に留めたり、無意識のうちに権威を習慣の力に置き換えたりする。
I am speaking of morality, of custom, above all of public opinion;
speak of
(語る)
[動]
talk about
above all
(とりわけ)
[副]
most importantly
public opinion
(世論)
[名]
the beliefs or views of the general public
私は道徳、習慣、とりわけ世論について語っている。
a power unknown to political thinkers, on which none the less success in everything else depends.
thinker
(思想家)
[名]
a person who thinks
none the less
(それにもかかわらず)
[副]
nevertheless
政治思想家には知られていない権力であり、それにもかかわらず、他のすべての成功はそれにかかっている。
With this the great legislator concerns himself in secret, though he seems to confine himself to particular regulations;
concern oneself
(気にかける)
[動]
be interested in or worried about
secret
(秘密)
[名]
something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others
偉大な立法者は、特定の規制に限定されているように見えても、このことを密かに気にかけている。
for these are only the arc of the arch, while manners and morals, slower to arise, form in the end its immovable keystone.
these
(これら)
[代]
the things mentioned before
are
(である)
[動]
be
the arc
(弧)
[名]
a part of a circle
the arch
(アーチ)
[名]
a curved structure with a flat upper surface
manners
(マナー)
[名]
a way of behaving
and
(と)
[接]
used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, and to show that two things are connected
morals
(モラル)
[名]
a person's standards of behavior or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable for them to do
slower
(遅い)
[形]
moving or operating or done at less than the usual or average speed
to arise
(生じる)
[動]
to come into being or existence
in the end
(最終的に)
[副]
at the end of a period of time or an event
its
(その)
[代]
belonging to or connected with a person or thing previously mentioned or easily identified
immovable
(動かせない)
[形]
not able to be moved
keystone
(要石)
[名]
the central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together
これらはアーチの弧にすぎないが、マナーやモラルは、生じるのが遅く、最終的には動かせない要石を形成する。