It follows from what has gone before that the general will is always right and tends to the public advantage;
follow
(わかる)
[動]
be able to understand
what has gone before
(これまで述べてきたこと)
[名]
the things that have been said or done before
tend to
(資する)
[動]
be inclined or likely to have a particular characteristic or to produce a particular result
public advantage
(公益)
[名]
the benefit or good of the public
これまで述べてきたことから、一般意志は常に正しく、公益に資する傾向があることがわかる。
but it does not follow that the deliberations of the people are always equally correct.
follow
(従う)
[動]
go or come after
deliberation
(審議)
[名]
careful consideration before decision
equally
(同じように)
[副]
in the same manner
correct
(正しい)
[形]
free from error; in accordance with fact or truth
しかし、人民の審議が常に同じように正しいとは限らない。
Our will is always for our own good, but we do not always see what that is;
私たちの意志は常に自分自身の利益のためであるが、それが何であるかを常に理解しているわけではない。
the people is never corrupted, but it is often deceived, and on such occasions only does it seem to will what is bad.
never
(決して)
[副]
not ever; at no time in the past or future; on no occasion; not at all
corrupt
(堕落する)
[動]
to make or become morally depraved
deceive
(欺く)
[動]
cause to believe what is not true
人民は決して堕落しないが、しばしば欺かれ、そのような場合にのみ、人民は悪を望むように見える。
There is often a great deal of difference between the will of all and the general will;
すべての人の意志と一般意志の間には、しばしば大きな違いがある。
the latter considers only the common interest, while the former takes private interest into account, and is no more than a sum of particular wills:
latter
(後者)
[名]
the second of two things mentioned
private interest
(私的利益)
[名]
something that benefits an individual
particular will
(個々の意志)
[名]
the desire or intention of an individual
後者は共通の利益だけを考慮するが、前者は私的利益を考慮に入れ、個々の意志の総和にすぎない。
but take away from these same wills the pluses and minuses that cancel one another, and the general will remains as the sum of the differences.
take away
(取り除く)
[動]
remove something from a place
しかし、これらの同じ意志から、互いに相殺し合うプラスとマイナスを取り除くと、一般意志は差の総和として残る。
If, when the people, being furnished with adequate information, held its deliberations, the citizens had no communication one with another, the grand total of the small differences would always give the general will, and the decision would always be good.
be furnished with
(得る)
[動]
be provided with
adequate
(十分な)
[形]
enough for the purpose
information
(情報)
[名]
knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance
hold
(行う)
[動]
carry out; perform
have no communication
(コミュニケーションをとらない)
[動]
not communicate
grand total
(総和)
[名]
the total of a set of numbers
small difference
(小さな差)
[名]
a small amount of difference
give
(生み出す)
[動]
cause to be or to become
decision
(決定)
[名]
a determination arrived at after consideration
be good
(良いものとなる)
[動]
be of a high standard
人民が十分な情報を得て審議を行う際に、市民同士がコミュニケーションをとらなければ、小さな差の総和は常に一般意志となり、決定は常に良いものとなるだろう。
But when factions arise, and partial associations are formed at the expense of the great association, the will of each of these associations becomes general in relation to its members, while it remains particular in relation to the State: it may then be said that there are no longer as many votes as there are men, but only as many as there are associations.
expense
(犠牲)
[名]
a cost or charge incurred in making or doing something
partial
(部分的な)
[形]
not complete or total
association
(集団)
[名]
a group of people organized for a joint purpose
しかし、派閥が生じ、大集団を犠牲にして部分的な集団が形成されると、これらの集団のそれぞれの意志は、その構成員に対しては一般意志となるが、国家に対しては個別意志のままである。その場合、もはや人間の数だけ票があるのではなく、集団の数だけ票があると言えるかもしれない。
The differences become less numerous and give a less general result.
less
(より少なく)
[形]
a smaller amount of
差異は少なくなり、一般的な結果は少なくなる。
Lastly, when one of these associations is so great as to prevail over all the rest, the result is no longer a sum of small differences, but a single difference;
lastly
(最後に)
[副]
finally; in conclusion
great
(大きい)
[形]
of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above average
prevail
(勝る)
[動]
be greater in strength or influence
no longer
(もはや~ない)
[副]
not anymore; not now
difference
(差)
[名]
the state or relation of being different
最後に、これらの集団の1つが他のすべてに勝るほど大きくなると、結果はもはや小さな差の合計ではなく、単一の差となる。
in this case there is no longer a general will, and the opinion which prevails is purely particular.
in this case
(この場合)
[副]
in the situation that is being discussed
there is no longer
(もはや存在しない)
[動]
not exist anymore
opinion
(意見)
[名]
a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge
この場合、もはや一般意志は存在せず、優勢な意見は純粋に個別意志である。
It is therefore essential, if the general will is to be able to express itself, that there should be no partial society within the State, and that each citizen should think only his own thoughts: which was indeed the sublime and unique system established by the great Lycurgus.
express
(表現する)
[動]
show (a quality or feeling)
sublime
(崇高な)
[形]
of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe
unique
(独自の)
[形]
being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
system
(システム)
[名]
a set of principles or procedures according to which something is done; an organized scheme or method
Lycurgus
(リュクルゴス)
[名]
the legendary lawgiver of Sparta
したがって、一般意志が自らを表現できるようにするためには、国家内に部分的な社会が存在せず、各市民が自分の考えだけを考えることが不可欠である。これは確かに偉大なリュクルゴスによって確立された崇高で独自のシステムであった。
But if there are partial societies, it is best to have as many as possible and to prevent them from being unequal, as was done by Solon, Numa and Servius.
as many as possible
(できるだけ多く)
[名]
the largest possible number
prevent
(防ぐ)
[動]
keep from happening or arising
unequal
(不平等)
[形]
not equal; not of the same quantity, value, or status
Solon
(ソロン)
[名]
an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet
Numa
(ヌマ)
[名]
the second king of Rome
Servius
(セルウィウス)
[名]
the sixth king of Rome
しかし、部分的な社会がある場合は、ソロン、ヌマ、セルウィウスが行ったように、できるだけ多くの社会を持ち、不平等にならないようにすることが最善である。
These precautions are the only ones that can guarantee that the general will shall be always enlightened, and that the people shall in no way deceive itself.
precaution
(予防策)
[名]
a measure taken in advance to prevent something from happening
guarantee
(保証する)
[動]
to give a formal assurance of the quality, performance, or occurrence of
enlighten
(啓発する)
[動]
to give greater knowledge and understanding to
これらの予防策は、一般意志が常に啓発され、人々が決して自分自身を欺くことがないように保証できる唯一のものである。