The passage from the state of nature to the civil state produces a very remarkable change in man, by substituting justice, for instinct in his conduct, and giving his actions the morality they had formerly lacked.
passage
(移行)
[名]
the process of moving from one place to another
civil state
(市民国家)
[名]
a state in which the citizens are the ultimate source of power
produce
(生み出す)
[動]
make or create
remarkable
(顕著な)
[形]
worthy of attention
substitute
(置き換える)
[動]
replace with another
instinct
(本能)
[名]
an innate, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli
conduct
(行動)
[名]
the manner in which one behaves
formerly
(以前は)
[副]
in the past
自然状態から市民国家への移行は、人間の行動における本能を正義に置き換え、彼の行動に以前は欠けていた道徳を与えることによって、人間に非常に顕著な変化をもたらす。
Then only, when the voice of duty takes the place of physical impulses and right of appetite, does man, who so far had considered only himself, find that he is forced to act on different principles, and to consult his reason before listening to his inclinations.
physical
(肉体的)
[形]
of or relating to the body as opposed to the mind
impulse
(衝動)
[名]
a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act
appetite
(欲望)
[名]
a strong desire for something
so far
(これまで)
[副]
to the extent mentioned
consider
(考える)
[動]
think carefully about (something), typically before making a decision
different
(異なる)
[形]
not the same as another or each other; unlike in nature, form, or quality
listen
(耳を傾ける)
[動]
give one's attention to a sound
inclination
(傾向)
[名]
a person's natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way
義務の声が肉体的衝動と欲望の権利に取って代わったときのみ、それまで自分だけを考えていた人間は、異なる原則に基づいて行動し、自分の傾向に耳を傾ける前に自分の理性に相談することを余儀なくされることに気づく。
Although, in this state, he deprives himself of some advantages which he got from nature, he gains in return others so great, his faculties are so stimulated and developed, his ideas so extended, his feelings so ennobled, and his whole soul so uplifted, that, did not the abuses of this new condition often degrade him below that which he left, he would be bound to bless continually the happy moment which took him from it for ever, and, instead of a stupid and unimaginative animal, made him an intelligent being and a man.
although
(しかし)
[接]
in spite of the fact that
deprive
(奪う)
[動]
take away or withhold something from
return
(見返り)
[名]
the value of something in terms of money or other goods for which it can be exchanged
faculty
(能力)
[名]
an inherent mental or physical power
stimulate
(刺激する)
[動]
make more active or lively
develop
(発達する)
[動]
become more mature or advanced
idea
(考え)
[名]
a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action
extend
(拡張する)
[動]
make or become longer or wider
feeling
(感情)
[名]
an emotional state or reaction
ennoble
(高貴にする)
[動]
make more noble or worthy
soul
(魂)
[名]
the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal
uplift
(高揚する)
[動]
raise to a higher level
degrade
(落とす)
[動]
cause a severe loss in the quality or value of
leave
(去る)
[動]
go away from
bind
(縛る)
[動]
tie or fasten together
bless
(祝福する)
[動]
ask God to look favourably on
continually
(絶えず)
[副]
without interruption
take
(連れ出す)
[動]
carry or bring with one
stupid
(愚かな)
[形]
lacking intelligence or common sense
unimaginative
(想像力のない)
[形]
lacking the ability to form new images or ideas
animal
(動物)
[名]
a living organism of the kingdom Animalia
intelligent
(知的な)
[形]
having or showing intelligence
この状態では、彼は自然から得たいくつかの利点を自分から奪うが、その見返りとして他の非常に大きな利点を得、彼の能力は非常に刺激され、発達し、彼の考えは非常に拡張され、彼の感情は非常に高貴になり、彼の魂全体が非常に高揚するので、この新しい条件の乱用が彼を去った状態よりも下に落とさなければ、彼は永遠に彼をそこから連れ出し、愚かで想像力のない動物の代わりに、彼を知的な存在と人間にした幸せな瞬間を絶えず祝福することになるだろう。