Even if I granted all that I have been refuting, the friends of despotism would be no better off.
grant
(認める)
[動]
to agree to give or allow something
all
(すべて)
[限]
the whole amount of
refute
(否定する)
[動]
to prove or show to be false or wrong
friend
(友人)
[名]
a person whom one knows and with whom one has a bond of mutual affection
despotism
(専制政治)
[名]
a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power
be no better off
(好転しない)
[動]
to be in no better situation
私が否定してきたことをすべて認めたとしても、専制政治の友人たちはそれほど好転しないだろう。
There will always be a great difference between subduing a multitude and ruling a society.
subdue
(従わせる)
[動]
bring under control
multitude
(群衆)
[名]
a large number of people
rule
(統治する)
[動]
exercise authority over
群衆を従わせることと社会を統治することの間には、常に大きな違いがあるだろう。
Even if scattered individuals were successively enslaved by one man, however numerous they might be, I still see no more than a master and his slaves, and certainly not a people and its ruler;
scattered
(散り散りの)
[形]
thrown around here and there
successively
(次々と)
[副]
following one after another in succession
however
(どれほど)
[副]
to whatever extent or degree
numerous
(多い)
[形]
consisting of a great number
no more than
(しか見ることができない)
[副]
only; merely
散り散りの個人が次々と一人の人間によって奴隷にされたとしても、彼らがどれほど多くても、私は主人とその奴隷しか見ることができず、国民とその支配者を見ることはできない。
I see what may be termed an aggregation, but not an association;
aggregation
(集合体)
[名]
a collection of things that are gathered together
association
(協会)
[名]
an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a club or society
私は集合体と呼べるものを見ているが、協会ではない。
there is as yet neither public good nor body politic.
there is
(ある)
[動]
exist
as yet
(まだ)
[副]
up to this time; until now
neither
(どちらも)
[接]
not either
public good
(公共の利益)
[名]
the benefit or well-being of the general public
body politic
(政治体)
[名]
a state or nation considered as a political entity
そこにはまだ公共の利益も政治体もない。
The man in question, even if he has enslaved half the world, is still only an individual;
in question
(問題の)
[形]
being discussed or referred to
half
(半分)
[名]
one of two equal parts that together form a whole
only
(一人の)
[形]
no more than; solely
問題の人物は、たとえ世界の半分を奴隷にしたとしても、依然として一人の人間である。
his interest, apart from that of others, is still a purely private interest.
apart from
(とは別に)
[前]
not including; other than
purely
(純粋に)
[副]
in a pure manner
彼の利益は、他人の利益とは別に、依然として純粋に私的な利益である。
If this same man comes to die, his empire, after him, remains scattered and without unity, as an oak falls and dissolves into a heap of ashes when the fire has consumed it.
come to die
(死ぬ)
[動]
reach a point where one dies
after
(後に)
[前]
later or following (the event mentioned)
unity
(統一性)
[名]
the state of being united or joined as a whole
oak
(樫の木)
[名]
a tree that produces acorns
fall
(倒れる)
[動]
move from a higher to a lower position
dissolve
(崩れる)
[動]
(with reference to a solid) become or cause to become incorporated into a liquid
heap
(山)
[名]
a large amount of something piled or lying in a mass
ash
(灰)
[名]
the powdery residue left after a fire has burned something
もしこの同じ人物が死ぬと、彼の帝国は、彼の死後、散り散りになって統一性を失い、火が燃え尽きると樫の木が倒れて灰の山になってしまうように、散り散りになって統一性を失ってしまう。
A people, says Grotius, can give itself to a king.
グロティウスは、人民は王に身を委ねることができると言う。
Then, according to Grotius, a people is a people before it gives itself.
itself
(身)
[代]
the thing or person that is being discussed
グロティウスによれば、人民は身を委ねる前には人民である。
The gift is itself a civil act, and implies public deliberation.
civil act
(市民的行為)
[名]
an act that is done by a citizen
public deliberation
(公の審議)
[名]
a discussion or debate that is open to the public
贈り物はそれ自体が市民的行為であり、公の審議を意味する。
It would be better, before examining the act by which a people gives itself to a king, to examine that by which it has become a people;
examine
(検討する)
[動]
inspect closely and thoroughly
人民が王に身を委ねる行為を検討する前に、人民が人民となった行為を検討した方がよい。
for this act, being necessarily prior to the other, is the true foundation of society.
necessarily
(必然的に)
[副]
as a necessary result
prior
(先行する)
[形]
earlier
foundation
(基礎)
[名]
the basis on which something is built or founded
この行為は必然的に他の行為に先行するものであり、社会の真の基礎である。
Indeed, if there were no prior convention, where, unless the election were unanimous, would be the obligation on the minority to submit to the choice of the majority?
prior
(事前の)
[形]
existing or coming before in time, order, or importance
election
(選挙)
[名]
the process of choosing a person or group of people for a position, especially a political position, by voting
unanimous
(全会一致の)
[形]
showing complete agreement
minority
(少数派)
[名]
a small group of people within a larger group who are different from the main group in some way
majority
(多数派)
[名]
the greater number or part of something
実際、事前の協定がなければ、選挙が全会一致でない限り、少数派が多数派の選択に従う義務はどこにあるだろうか?
How have a hundred men who wish for a master the right to vote on behalf of ten who do not?
wish
(望む)
[動]
want something to happen or be the case
vote
(投票する)
[動]
express a choice in an election
behalf
(代わって)
[名]
the interest of another person
ten
(十)
[名]
the number 10
主人を望む百人の人間が、主人を望まない十人の人間に代わって投票する権利をどのように持つのか?
The law of majority voting is itself something established by convention, and presupposes unanimity, on one occasion at least.
majority
(多数)
[名]
the greater number
presuppose
(前提とする)
[動]
to take for granted or as a given
unanimity
(全会一致)
[名]
the state or quality of being unanimous
occasion
(一度)
[名]
a particular time or instance
多数決の法則自体が慣例によって確立されたものであり、少なくとも一度は全会一致を前提としている。